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Jake White: The Springbok scrum can be conquered, and this is how

Referee Matthew Carley signals for a penalty as the scrum collapses during the Quilter Nations Series 2025 match between Ireland and South Africa at the Aviva Stadium in Dublin. (Photo By David Fitzgerald/Sportsfile via Getty Images)

When looking back at last weekend’s feast of rugby, you can’t get past the game in Dublin. By my reckoning, it took over two hours. It was frustrating, slightly crazy but an utterly compelling watch. During the game, I watched with interest as pundits kept praising the referee for the way he was managing the game – most notably the scrum. Indeed, Matt Carley’s bravery in giving a succession of yellow cards against the home team’s pack, which was buckling under Springbok pressure, was lauded. Many post-match comments from the Irish fans were through green-tinted glasses, saying with a hint of sarcasm that the referee was man of the match. No surprises there.

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However, Bernard Jackman, the former Irish hooker, said on comms that you couldn’t blame the Boks for playing in the style they did because it was well within the laws of the game. With what unfolded, Andy Farrell’s bench calls didn’t look too clever. Ireland picked James Ryan and Tadhg Beirne to start, but once Ryan was red carded, they had to move the lightweight Ryan Baird up to lock and call on Cian Prendergast, a No. 8, onto the field. By not having a ready-made 120-125kg lock on the bench, they were underpowered. As Andrew Porter and Paddy McCarthy left the field for yellow cards, they were woefully exposed at scrum time. How they missed ‘big’ Joe McCarthy.

You can be assured that the bench splits will be a key talking point ahead of World Cup selection. Do you go with a 5-3, 6-2 or 7-1 split? It can either work for you, or blow up in your face, as happened with Ireland.
If you look at the current shape of the game, it made me think that if the World Cup was coming in two week’s time, South Africa would be head and shoulders above any team at scrum time. Indeed, lawmakers are unlikely to change anything between now and the 2027 World Cup, so the rest of the world is playing catch-up.

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That’s where I get to the next point. What about the chasing pack? What do they need to do? Well, for some, change may be necessary. Here in SA, in 2017 Allister Coetzee got fired two years before Rassie won his first World Cup in 2019. Ian McIntosh got fired two years before Kitch Christie won the 1995 World Cup. Now I’m not saying there should be wholesale changes for the challengers at the top, but what I am saying is that now we’ve passed the midpoint of the World Cup cycle, they have to find a way to refocus, to find new thinking, introduce new voices, new ideas and energy.

I worked in 1995 with Kitch and what he focused on was bringing in a fitness element. He wanted the Boks to be fitter than any team at the World Cup. In 2018, Rassie introduced overseas players – which hadn’t been available to Allister when he was coach, and that worked. My point is a ‘big idea’ is needed to bridge the widening gap.

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Teams like New Zealand, France, England, Argentina, maybe Ireland, who are there or thereabouts, need to work out what they need to win the Webb Ellis Cup. If you look at their current trajectory, none of them look like they’re going to win the World Cup, as it stands.

One thing I’d start with is finding props who can withstand Bok pressure. It was interesting to hear what David Flatman, the former England prop, said during the Argentina game. He said England were being supremely aggressive at scrum-time, even when it threatened penalties against them. He mused that if the England front-row were going to have any chance of coping with the South African front-row, they have to be able to go on the front foot and go at an opposition front row hard. It was an excellent point. Fortune favours the brave. They have their ‘Pom squad’, with Joe Heyes and Fin Baxter, and Ellis Genge and Will Stuart, and it’s bearing fruit. I want to give a shout-out to Stevie Scott, the Bath scrum-coach. He’s had a direct impact on Thomas du Toit, Stuart and even the Welsh tighthead Archie Griffin. They’ve all become more destructive scrummagers under his tutelage. He’s doing for props what Lee Blackett has done for England’s backline!

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Maybe coaches will look to the past. In the old days, I remember they started transforming prop-like hookers, like Federico Mendez to play at hooker. John Smit did the job with us of playing in both positions. Jan Hendrik Wessels can double up in both positions and if you look at Malcolm Marx, he’s built like Bismarck du Plessis, men big enough to play prop. That could have an influence on selection for Australia if countries have those sorts of heavy boned athletes at their disposal.

The problem for a lot of countries is unearthing some 145kg props, who can scrummage, move around the field and have soft handling skills, but that’s the type of outside-the-box thinking that is required to counteract what is a natural strength of the Boks.

My final point on this is that while you have to get your accuracy right at the lineout, compete and throw it straight, one thing that hasn’t been addressed is putting the ball under the hooker’s foot. Now I know people will say that’s being pedantic, but if you don’t need to be skilled as a hooker at scrum-time, you may as well pick another prop there. Why not, if you’re not penalised?

Games don’t all go that way, of course. In the Wales versus New Zealand game, it was 26 minutes until the first scrum, so you can get away with an inferior pack, to a point, but it’s a risk.

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That bench split brings me onto the ‘hybrid player’ and raises a smile. I mean, it’s nothing new. Sticking a guy at flanker for 5 or 10 minutes doesn’t suddenly make him an expert in both positions. In the amateur days, guys would double up if they ran out of players with concussions or injuries. It’s a gimmick or soundbite for the modern audience. Ruan Pienaar would play at 9 and then on the wing, Joost (van der Westhuizen) did the same. Stephen Larkham played as a replacement 9 and ended up winning the World Cup as a fly-half. I don’t think anyone is reinventing the wheel. As a squad playing a contact sport, you just have to be versatile in 80 minutes because the unexpected often happens.

Finally, let’s look at the last Test of the Autumn Series. I see Rassie is only picking from 24 or 25 players. I remember before he got the job, that was the norm and coaches were expected to make do on smaller squads. I feel sorry for Wales, with 13 players going back to England and France but where does that leave us? I’ll say this, Test rugby is very important. It is the pinnacle of our game. Call me a traditionalist, but a Test where your best players aren’t available, or it’s played outside the designated window is not the way it should be done. Sure, it’s economically driven and needs must, but we must be careful we are not watering down Test matches. If Wales get drilled on Saturday and that goes down in the history books, it’s not a great look. These are two proud rugby nations, who, remember, duked it out in the 2019 World Cup semi-final. The window is there for a reason. I know they’ve said the fixture was planned with the old regime, but proper planning needs to be in place. Now I’m not for one second saying ‘overseas’ players should be picked – I’m not changing my view on that, but if you play outside the window, you have to deal with the consequences.

There’s a lot of Test rugby being played these days. The Wallabies looked exhausted and Rassie has needed a bloated squad just to get through 15 Tests in five months. Our Test scene has so many great values, but it’s called a test for a reason – you’re playing against the best of the best. The day it feels like you’re going through the motions, or it’s just a day job, will be a sad day for the game. I’m sure they get a decent crowd in Wales because they love their rugby, but you don’t want overkill. If it were a full strength both sides, it would be a sell-out.

As ever, I’d love to know your thoughts.

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49 Comments
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Alex 5 days ago

“The problem for a lot of countries is unearthing some 145kg props, who can scrummage, move around the field and have soft handling skills, but that’s the type of outside-the-box thinking that is required to counteract what is a natural strength of the Boks.”


I would say therein lies one of the big issues rugby has. If you can't unearth those players (out-of-the-box thinking I'm not sure this qualifies as) then you're simply not going to be able to compete. Not all nations can produce those guys, so how do they compete at world cups? I can see why people consider football to be the superior sport, when physical size isn't such a determining factor, and skill and agility are far more valued.

j
jb 6 days ago

Great article but, like others, I think the huge issue is that losing a scrum automatically becomes a penalty against a team. It is just wrong and I know the referees try to justify it technically but it rankles.

I have similar, if lesser, worries about the feeding of the scrum.

S
SP 9 days ago

Regarding Jake White’s latest post. I know I am probably being over simplistic but I believe a national test squad should be made up of the best players available at the time. Put simply the playing field should be level so all national teams should play by the same rules. So either all countries can include players who play outside their own country or not and the same goes for having players available whether the game falls within the test window or not. It is highly unlikely that even a full Welsh squad will beat the Springboks in Cardiff this weekend but with 11 players not available due to club duties this makes it almost impossible not just unlikely

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patcal 9 days ago

You do Ireland fans a disservice in relation to the IRL v SA match. It is true that the referee got all of the cards right, no argument other than Ryan’s probably should have been a straight red. However, the very first decision was all important.


The replays showed clearly that it was an SA no-arms tackle on O’Brien. A full house at the Aviva saw it. The TV audience saw it. Despite that, the referee then announced to the Aviva and TV audience that there was no clear evidence of a no-arms tackle and only a penalty was the result. That was an outrageously wrong decision. That’s what really rankled with the supporters and set the scene for later. Any reasonable person must question why that decision was made. Had there been an SA yellow at that point in the match everything that happened after that would not have happened in the way it did except, of course, the complete dominance of the SA scrum and its consequences.

S
SD 9 days ago

A well reasoned analysis, as I would expect from a fellow front rower! Two things mentioned, however, particularly resonate. First, penalties for getting stuffed in the scrum. I've been there myself, mainly on the stuffing rather than stuffed side, fortunately, and the advantage is gained by usually winning the ball against the head, and psychologically and physically dominating the opposition pack. There was no need for a penalty, and none was ever awarded. I don't even know what the penalties are for. The other nonsense is putting the ball in to the 2nd row. When the put in was straight, a strong and talented tighthead/hooker combo could pilfer balls against the head frequently, something we excelled at. How did it suddenly become OK to cheat? The new lineout law has massively improved that aspect of the game, and made it fairer. It's time the scrum got the same treatment. Sin-binning a prop for being stuffed is nonsense, disrupts the game, and gives skewed results.

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Nickers 6 days ago

I totally agree, I hate that there is no way to lose a scrum without it automatically being a penalty. Especially as it is a contentious area to referee, and a player can concede a penalty on the grounds of his opposite being better. You don’t see it in any other area of the game. It would be like conceding a penalty if the opposition take your line out ball cleanly.

J
John H 10 days ago

Yes strong props but the hooker is crucial. SA scrum is strong because Marx is so good. AB scrum is strong when Taylor is hooked not so much in Samisoni is hooker

D
Divan Joubert 11 days ago

Headline sounds like something JW would say….but cannot deliver on. Way past his time for retirement.

V
Venomenal1 11 days ago

Sigh, Jake White, to make such a comment.


Not to sound arrogant but you can only match SA Rugby with SA Born and Bred Rugby Players, and those outdide, through the SA Rugby System. End of Story. It's a mix of Smarts, Speed, Power and Braun on a South African Level.

C
Crikey 11 days ago

The Bok pack is beatable. Their props suffer if you run them about and, while they may be strong scrummagers, I would contend that their mobility is limited.

H
Hammer Head 10 days ago

Who’s props don’t suffer when you run them about?

K
KB 10 days ago

Didnt the Irish tried that?

B
Bazzallina 11 days ago

One tactic I saw in Super this year against opposition with clear scrum dominance was when defending scrums out of opposition territory if they started going backwards they stayed in stayed down and stayed up til it turned into like a maul and yup they gave up territory and had to narrow up the D but they didn’t give away penalties this obviously doesn’t work in your own 22

H
Hammer Head 10 days ago

Certainly won’t work on the 5m line.

B
Bazzallina 11 days ago

Tactically you can try to mitigate how many scrums there are by setting more rucks way more rucks and kicking long or out rather than going to aerial battle all the time when the When Pumas beat the ABs in NZ their scrum was not going very well there wasn’t a scrum till the 60th minute, you are still going to have to find some kind of parity for the scrums you will have, but the thinking has to be if you can do it once you can do it again and rather than 4 scrum penalties you only give away 2

D
Dave Didley 11 days ago

It was fearsome last time out and the scrum is still a point of pride in SA rugby but perhaps shouldn’t be the sole focus for other teams.


Ireland’s pack were down to 7 for plenty of them owing to a card and then had to adjust with replacement players, reducing the starting packs heft. Last Saturday was not a regular occurrence in tier 1 union.


Test level still averages 12 scrums per game. There are still considerably more lineouts in the average match. On a bad day, 3 or 4 of them will still be your own scrum. You only need to keep it respectable or hold out as long as you can against the feed. On your own feed, you don’t need to win penalties or beat the opposition. You only need to achieve parity to secure your ball.


Despite the mauling, Ireland where still 100% on their own feeds, no thanks to JGP’s old school habit of getting hookers to actually hook the ball. Even in a set piece contest that was so one-sided. The utter, utter dominance and numerical advantage was just 11 PTS.


You can never out scrum an offload in the tackle or a line break. The smarter teams will refocus their core skills and conditioning. Those that back their lineout will no doubt get working on their backline players ability to kick 50/22’s. The others will start radically changing their identity to play 7:1 benches. The fools.


I love that Rassie has risen the standards across the sport.

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Flankly 10 days ago

The utter, utter dominance and numerical advantage was just 11 PTS

Agree. The Irish defence was remarkable, and the Boks need to spend time decoding it. Nonetheless 4 tries to 1 does tell a story.

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Hammer Head 11 days ago

I missed Jake’s solution to defeating the Bok scrum…


Nowhere did I read anything about teams working as hard on their scrums as the Boks do. They have made it a strategic weapon through exceptionally hard work. Strength and conditioning and pretty hardcore training methods.


More than one bok player past and present has described how the Boks LOVE to scrum and that was something Rassie specifically focused on when he came in.


But to be fair - the Boks Lineouts were just as dominant for most of the game against the Irish.


The Boks have worked incredibly long and hard with a core group to be exceptional at all set pieces. Which are controllable variables in a game. And great platforms to attack or seek territorial advantage.


Other teams will need to work harder on their set pieces to catchup and compete at set pieces with the Boks.


Thats the solution - there are no short cuts or silver bullets.

W
Wayneo 11 days ago

In SA props go into conditioning programs as soon as they hit puberty and then through our systems all the way to the top level. In context, this is a minimum of 7 to 8 years just to go from puberty to under 21 level, add another 1 or 2 years before they could potentially debut internationally.


Other nations are looking at 10 years just to develop a player up to starting level, then need another 7 -10 years playing experience before they hit their prime at earliest age of 27 to 30 years. During this time their players spend at maximum half the time practicing scrumming that their SA counterparts do (club & country level), and the time they do spend on it their focus is on using it as a reset or finding ways to win penalties.


Honestly, I don’t see any shortcut to this problem, the only solution I see is for them to start taking scrummaging as seriously as we do and start developing their players on the same basis.

E
Elmovator 11 days ago

Agree, headline different from article. No surprise at RP

P
PMcD 11 days ago

I think the solution is other teams need to raise their game HH. 🤣🤣


I very much doubt this scrum will get worse but with Steenekamp fit and Wessels at hooker, I actually think they may get even more destructive off the bench.


Scary thought.

c
cw 11 days ago

6-2 or even 7-1 may have to become the norm. To state the obvious there is a broad correlation between pack mass (weight and height) and winning. SA’s losses this year was against teams whose pack was as big as them. The ABs have been slowly building a team with very big men - props 140 kg plus, bigger hookers, taller locks, heavier flankers. Plainly this has not converted into a dominant pack - yet. But when Robertson picked his team for England game and only went 5-3 a basic mass analysis showed they would struggle because the net additonal fresh 70kg (yes only 70kg) at impact was always going to have an effect. The reason Argentina came so close against England is that by going 6-2 they matched Englands pack mass. Only SA can come close to matching a 6-2 combination with a 5-3 this year in terms of mass. But that has caused them problems too. So next year 6-2 will have to be the norm for teams playing SA, and maybe even 7-1. And once they do, the gap will close and then Rassie might go eight - 😳

P
PMcD 11 days ago

It’s always easy with hindsight but IRE got their selection and bench strategy wrong, as did FRA against the same oponents.


IRE have really missed Joe McCarthy this Autumn but they really should have gone Ryan/Henderson, with Beirne at 6 to reinforce the scrum. I actually think they will need to do that in the 6Nations, to shore up the scrum and replace the injured Baird.


I think we have seen enough of how dominant the SA forwards are, if you can’t compete, you’ve already likely lost the game, so for the life of me I don’t know why teams are not taking the hint and deploying 7|1 against SA to give themselves a chance.


Give your starters 45 mins and then change the front 5 to play out the rest. It’s the only way you have of keeping parity against SA given the quality of the starting side and bench.


Take the risk on back line injuries, if you lose the forward battle, you’ve likely already lost and I am genuinely surprised more coaches haven’t realised that you have to do that against the quality of this new pack.


Rassie has raised the bar even higher - now it’s the turn of the other coaches to show they can innovate and respond.


The only issue is what is Rassie goes back to 7|1 ? I’m not too sure how teams would live with that when he has his full forward bench returning next year.


Well done SA - to win a Grand Slam, playing every game AWAY, is some achievement. Well done, you are the best team in the world by some margin. 👏👏👏

E
Ed the Duck 11 days ago

That’s exactly why Borthwick has got Earl and pollock training in the backline. He’s also fortunate to have a surplus of br talent to deploy them there and still keep everything else balanced if it becomes necessary.

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