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Un professeur d’Oxford décode les discours à la mi-temps

Steve Borthwick, entraîneur principal de l'équipe d'Angleterre, s'adresse aux joueurs dans le vestiaire après la demi-finale de la Coupe du Monde de Rugby France 2023 entre l'Angleterre et l'Afrique du Sud au Stade de France le 21 octobre 2023 à Paris, France. (Photo par Dan Mullan/Getty Images)

Eamon Devlin, professeur à Oxford, s’est lancé dans une recherche originale pour optimiser les discours prononcés dans les vestiaires à la mi-temps. S’appuyant sur ses propres observations et d’innombrables témoignages, il a fondé une société spécialisée dans l’accompagnement des entraîneurs et des clubs pour maximiser l’impact de ces quinze précieuses minutes.

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Son constat est clair : dans de nombreux sports, les joueurs sont rarement satisfaits de la gestion de la mi-temps, souvent trop chargée en informations et mal adaptée à leurs besoins réels.

Il a pris exemple de ce qu’avait vécu sa fille

Son intérêt pour la psychologie lui est venu après une expérience marquante avec l’équipe de football de sa fille, où il a constaté qu’un discours autoritaire et négatif pouvait briser la motivation des jeunes joueuses.

Il s’est alors plongé dans l’étude des causeries de mi-temps et a interrogé des joueurs au hasard. « Trois éléments principaux sont ressortis », détaille-t-il auprès du Telegraph. « Le premier est la surcharge d’informations : les staffs ne cessent de s’agrandir, créant une véritable course aux armements dans le sport professionnel.

« Le deuxième est l’incapacité des entraîneurs à gérer leurs propres émotions, transformant la causerie de mi-temps en un moment davantage centré sur ce qu’ils ressentent plutôt que sur les joueurs.

« Enfin, il est apparu que ce dont les joueurs avaient le plus besoin, c’était de se reposer, de se réhydrater, de reprendre des forces avec de la nourriture et de l’eau, et de partager un moment avec leurs coéquipiers. En somme, les attentes des joueurs et celles des entraîneurs vis-à-vis du discours de mi-temps étaient très différentes. »

Vu et entendu dans les vestiaires

Devlin a élargi son analyse à plusieurs sports et interrogé 85 entraîneurs, de Arsène Wenger à Clive Woodward. Dans le rugby, où la mi-temps est plus encadrée, l’universitaire recommande aux entraîneurs de rester hors du vestiaire le plus longtemps possible afin de ne pas interrompre la récupération des joueurs.

« Trois choses se produisent souvent lorsque les entraîneurs entrent », remarque-t-il. « Les joueurs cessent de manger, de boire et de parler. Certes, les entraîneurs de rugby gèrent mieux leurs émotions que dans d’autres sports, notamment parce qu’ils observent le match depuis leur box, loin de l’intensité du terrain. Mais leur arrivée dans le vestiaire a un effet direct : les joueurs s’expriment moins. »

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Or, c’est un point important selon lui : la parole est nécessaire pour rompre l’isolement et l’anxiété. « Cela peut sembler paradoxal, car on parle d’un sport d’équipe, mais un arrière, par exemple, est souvent seul à son poste », rappelle Devlin. « Nos recherches montrent qu’un joueur ayant vécu plusieurs mauvaises expériences à la mi-temps peut en garder des séquelles mentales. »

Ce que devraient faire les entraîneurs

Pour Devlin, la solution est simple : « Peu importe le niveau, des moins de cinq ans jusqu’aux équipes nationales, si vous entrez dans le vestiaire et voyez vos joueurs assis par terre, prenez neuf secondes, observez-les et demandez-vous comment leur donner les meilleures chances de réussir en seconde période.

« Posez-vous trois questions : dois-je leur apporter une information technique ? Un conseil tactique ? Ou une source d’inspiration ? Cette dernière est trop souvent négligée. Une équipe qui perd de 20 points à la pause sait déjà qu’elle est en difficulté. Plutôt que de leur crier dessus, pourquoi ne pas leur rappeler pourquoi vous les avez sélectionnés et quelles sont leurs forces ? Ce rappel peut tout changer. »

Enfin, Devlin propose des outils concrets pour améliorer ces moments-clés : musique apaisante, contact physique (accolades, high-fives), humour et autonomie des joueurs. Son message est simple : « Si parler n’aide pas les joueurs, alors ne dites rien. » Une philosophie qui pourrait bien révolutionner la gestion des mi-temps dans le rugby et au-delà.

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