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Arbitrage dans le rugby : le zéro faute n’existe pas

LYON, FRANCE - SEPTEMBER 27: Referee Mathieu Raynal speaks with Richard Hardwick of Namibia (obscured) during the Rugby World Cup France 2023 match between Uruguay and Namibia at Parc Olympique on September 27, 2023 in Lyon, France. (Photo by Adam Pretty - World Rugby/World Rugby via Getty Images)

Ben O’Keeffe conspué, Wayne Barnes menacé de mort, Mathieu Raynal harcelé (en 2022 en Australie). C’est sans doute la première fois, lors de la Coupe du Monde de Rugby 2023, que le corps arbitral s’est retrouvé autant sous le feu des critiques.

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World Rugby a eu beau menacer de traquer et poursuivre quiconque s’aviserait de porter atteinte aux officiels de match, ça n’a pas empêché des déversements de haine sur les réseaux sociaux pour une mauvaise décision ou un résultat qui n’allait pas en faveur de telle équipe.

« C’est dommage de toujours vouloir trouver un coupable. Et le coupable un peu facile, c’est l’arbitre. J’estime que les torts sont partagés », estime l’arbitre natif de Toulouse Tual Trainini sur le site Actu Rugby qui appelle à une meilleure communication autour de l’arbitrage.

Besoin de communiquer et vulgariser

« Nous, arbitres, nous pourrions nous retrouver plus accessibles auprès d’une population qui ne connaît pas forcément notre sport et qui ne connaît pas forcément tous les codes et la complexité de l’arbitrage. Il est important de faire comprendre qu’il y a la règle, mais aussi l’interprétation que l’arbitre en fait. De manière que ce que l’arbitre décide sur le terrain soit plus lisible », estime Trainini.

« Il faudrait en amont un travail de communication beaucoup plus important pour expliquer nos procédures. Sans cet effort-là, on laisse des gens sans compétences étaler et partager leurs avis sur les réseaux sociaux », ajoute dans L’Equipe son homologue Mathieu Raynal, seul arbitre de champ à avoir officié lors de la Coupe du Monde de Rugby 2023.

Pas facile d’arbitrer un sport aux règles si compliquées, en perpétuelle évolution pour répondre à deux exigences : protéger les joueurs au maximum et créer du spectacle.

« Je dirais qu’il faut qu’on arrive à vulgariser notre sport, et notamment sur le plan arbitral, afin qu’on bénéficie de l’embellie qu’il y a eu autour du XV de France et de la Coupe du monde. Oui le rugby est complexe, mais je crois aussi que c’est ça qui en fait sa beauté et sa singularité », assure Tual Trainini.

« Aujourd’hui, il y a une vulgarisation qui est faite au niveau du jeu. Les réseaux sociaux sont néfastes, mais il y a quelques comptes qui évoquent de bonne manière l’arbitrage, le vulgarisent, et c’est très positif. Cette vulgarisation permet une meilleure compréhension, et donc une meilleure acceptation. »

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C’est le cas par exemple de Charles Jouan sur LinkedIn qui se définit comme « chercheur en compréhension d’un sport dans lequel il faut avancer en se faisant des passes en arrière avec un ballon qui a une forme bizarre » et dont les vidéos didactiques et claires cartonnent sur ce réseau social.

Le bunker, un recours mal introduit

Autre moyen pour apporter un autre regard à l’action, cette année, sur la Coupe du Monde, la mise en place du bunker était censée apporter un élément de réponse en permettant de reprendre le jeu rapidement après un carton jaune tout en laissant le temps à un arbitre spécifique de revoir les images et d’éventuellement attribuer un carton rouge.

« Introduire le bunker au dernier moment, juste avant une compétition majeure comme la Coupe du monde, nous a exposés parce qu’on ne maîtrisait pas complètement cette nouvelle procédure et ça nous a mis en difficulté », estime Mathieu Raynal dans L’Equipe.

« Le manque d’explications des décisions au début, l’incompréhension autour du fait qu’on ne mettait plus de carton rouge sans passer par le bunker, et les différences de décisions pour des actions qui semblaient similaires aux yeux du grand public, ont été des moments qui nous ont desservis.

« Sans pour autant remettre en cause son utilité, il nous aurait fallu plus de recul sur le bunker pour le maîtriser et en faire une force. On a perdu l’avantage de pouvoir mettre des mots sur les images afin d’expliquer le cheminement qui nous amenait à prendre une décision. Elle en devenait donc moins lisible et moins compréhensible pour le grand public, ce qui nous a également mis en difficulté. »

Accepter que l’erreur est humaine

Raynal le répète : « l’arbitrage vidéo a une réelle utilité dans notre sport, il faut juste trouver l’équilibre dans la manière de l’utiliser ».

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Pour autant, le recours systématique à la vidéo ne gommera jamais totalement d’éventuelles erreurs d’arbitrage. A ce sujet, Tual Trainini prend l’exemple du football, plus scruté que le rugby.

« Quand nous ne sommes pas en prime time, il y a 6 caméras pour un match de Top 14. Nous sommes entre 8 et 10 pour un match de Ligue 1 similaire. L’approche est donc plus avancée que la nôtre », remarque-t-il.

« On tend surtout à être allergique aux erreurs d’arbitrage et à tout expérimenter pour se diriger vers le zéro faute. On n’y arrivera jamais », prévient néanmoins Matthieu Raynal.

« On peut créer des bunkers, positionner des drones, intégrer des puces dans les ballons pour vérifier les en-avant, comme ça a été testé sur le Championnat du monde des moins de 20 ans… Il arrivera toujours le moment où, supporters, joueurs, entraîneurs ou autres, seront confrontés à l’erreur de jugement de l’arbitre. Y compris s’il est derrière un écran. Tout simplement parce que c’est un humain.

« On perdrait moins de temps, d’énergie et de moyens à apprendre à accepter l’erreur qu’à essayer, à tout prix, de l’éviter. Tout simplement parce que ce ne sera jamais possible. »

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JW 1 hour ago
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